Grady SR, Drenan RM, Breining SR, Yohannes D, Wageman CR, Fedorov NB, McKinney S, Whiteaker P, Bencherif M, Lester HA, Marks MJ. Structural differences determine the relative selectivity of nicotinic compounds for native alpha4beta2*-, alpha6beta2*-, alpha3beta4*- and alpha7-nicotine acetylcholine receptors. Neuropharmacol (2010) [Epub ahead of print].

Marrero M, Lucas R, Salet C, Hauser TA, Mazarov A, Lippiello PM, Bencherif M.  An Alpha7 Receptor-Selective Agonist Reduces Weight Gain and Metabolic Changes in a Mouse Model of Diabetes.  J Pharmacol Exp Ther 332: 173-80 (2010).

Bencherif M and PM Lippiello. Alpha7 neuronal nicotinic receptors: the missing link to understanding Alzheimer's etiopathology? Med Hypotheses 74: 281-85 (2010).

Breining SR, Bencherif M,  Grady S, Whiteaker P, Marks M, Wageman CR, Lester HA, Yohannes D.   Evaluation of a small set of structurally diverse nicotinic ligands for selectivity at the a6* subtype. Biorg Med Chem Lett 19: 4359-63 (2009).

Hauser TA, Kucinski A, Jordan KG, Gatto GG, Wersinger SR, Hesse RZ, Stachowiak EK, Stachowiak MK, Lippiello PM, Bencherif M.  TC-5619: An alpha7 neuronal nicotinic receptor-selective agonist that ameliorates positive and negative symptoms and enhances cognitive function in animal models of schizophrenia.  Biochem Phamacol  78: 803-12 (2009).

Sidach SS, Fedorov NB, Lippiello PM, Bencherif M.  Development and Optimization of a High-Throughput Electrophysiology Assay for Neuronal α4β2 Nicotinic Receptors.  J Neurosci Met 182: 17-24 (2009).

Grinevich VP, Papke RL, Lippiello PM, Bencherif M.  Atypical Antipsychotics as Noncompetitive Inhibitors of α4β2 and α7 Neuronal Nicotinic Receptors.  Neuropharmacol 57: 1889-91 (2009).

Bencherif M.  Neuronal Nicotinic Receptors as Novel Targets for Inflammation and Neuroprotection: Mechanistic Considerations and Clinical Relevance. Acta Pharmacol Sin 30: 702-714 (2009).

Marrerro M and M Bencherif. Convergence of alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-activated pathways for anti-apoptosis and anti-inflammation:  Central role for JAK2 activation of STAT3 and NF-κB.  Brain Res 1256: 1-7 (2009).

Fedorov NB, Benson LC, Graef J, Lippiello PM, Bencherif M. Differential Pharmacologies of Mecamylamine Enantiomers: Positive Allosteric Modulation and Non-competitive Inhibition. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 328: 1-8 (2009).

Yohannes D, Hansen CP, Akireddy SR, Hauser TA, Kiser, MN, Gurnon NJ, Day CS, Bhatti BS, Caldwell WS. First Total Synthesis of (±)-3-Hydroxy-11-norcytisine:  Structure Confirmation and Biological Characterization.  Org Lett 10: 5353-5356 (2008).

Lippiello PM, Beaver JS, Gatto GJ, James JW, Jordan KG, Traina VM, Xie J, Bencherif M. TC-5214 (S-(+)-Mecamylamine): A Neuronal Nicotinic Receptor Modulator with Antidepressant Activity. CNS Neuroscie & Ther 14: 266-77 (2008).

Drenan RM, Grady SR, Whiteaker P, McClure-Begley T, McKinney S, Miwa JM, Bupp S, Heintz N, McIntosh JM, Bencherif M, Marks MJ, Lester HA. In vivo activation of midbrain dopamine neurons via sensitized, high-affinity alpha6* nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Neuron 60: 123-36 (2008).

Bhatti BS, Strachan JP, Breining SR, Miller CH, Tahiri P, Crooks PA, Deo N, Day CS, Caldwell WS. Synthesis of 2-(Pyridin-3-yl)-1-azabicyclo[3.2.2] nonane, 2-(Pyridin-3-yl)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octane, and 2-(Pyridin-3-yl)-1-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane, a Class of Potent Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Ligands. J Org Chem 73: 3497-3507 (2008).

Lippiello PM, Bencherif M, Hauser TA, Jordan KG, Letchworth SR, Mazurov AA. Nicotinic receptors as targets for therapeutic discovery. Exp Op Drug Disc 2: 1-19 (2007).

Dunbar G, Boeijinga PH, Demazieres A, Cisterni C, Kuchibhatla R, Wesnes K, Luthringer R.  Effects of TC-1734 (AZD3480), a selective neuronal nicotinic receptor agonist, on cognitive performance and the EEG of young healthy male volunteers. Psychopharmacol  191: 919-29 (2007).

Spoettl T, Paetzel C, Herfarth H, Bencherif M, Schoelmerich J, Greinwald R, Gatto GJ, Rogler G. (E)-metanicotine hemigalactarate (TC-2403-12) inhibits IL-8 production in cells of the inflamed mucosa. Int J Colorectal Dis  22: 303-312 (2007).

Dunbar GC, Inglis F, Kuchibhatla R, Sharma T, Tomlinson M, Wamsley J. Effect of ispronicline, a neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor partial agonist, in subjects with age associated memory impairment (AAMI). J Psychopharmacol 21: 171-8 (2007).

Lukas RJ and M Bencherif. Recent developments in nicotinic acetylcholine receptor biology, in Biological and Biophysical Aspects of Ligand-Gated Ion Channel Receptor Superfamilies.  1-33, Ed. HR Arias, Research Signpost, Kerala India (2006).

Dunbar GC, Kuchibhatla R. Cognitive enhancement in man with ispronicline, a nicotinic partial agonist. J Mol Neurosci 30: 169-72 (2006).

Strachan JP, Whitaker RC, Miller CH, Bhatti BS.  Synthesis of bicyclic tertiary alpha-amino acids. J Org Chem 71: 9909-11 (2006).

Bencherif M, Hauser TA, Jordan KG, Gatto GJ. Therapeutic Potential of Novel Selective Drugs Targeting Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors. J Mol Neurosci 30: 17-18 (2006).

Lippiello P, Letchworth SR, Gatto GJ, Traina VM, Bencherif M.  Ispronicline: A Novel α4β2 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor–Selective Agonist With Cognition-Enhancing and Neuroprotective Properties. J Mol Neurosci 30:19-20 (2006).

Dunbar G, Demazieres A, Monreal A, Cisterni C, Metzger D, Kuchibhatla R, Luthringer R. Pharmacokinetics and Safety Profile of Ispronicline (TC-1734), a New Brain Nicotinic Receptor Partial Agonist, in Young Healthy Male Volunteers. J Clin Pharmacol 46: 715-726 (2006).

Xiao YD, Harris R, Bayram E, Santago II P, Schmitt JD. Supervised Self-Organizing Maps in Drug Discovery. 2. Improvements in Descriptor Selection and Model Validation. J Chem Inf Model 46:137-44 (2006).

Mazurov A, Hauser T, Miller CH. Selective alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ligands. Curr Med Chem 13:1567-84 (2006).

George A, Abraham Y, Sbraccia C, Mogallapu V, Harris R, Car R, Schmitt JD. Orbital Energetics and Molecular Recognition. J Am Chem Soc 128: 4514-4515 (2006).

Lippiello PM. Nicotinic cholinergic antagonists: A novel approach for the treatment of autism. Med Hypotheses 66: 985-90 (2006).

Hammond PS, Wu Y, Harris R, Minehardt TJ, Car R and JD Schmitt. Protonation-induced stereoisomerism in nicotine: Conformational studies using classical (AMBER) and ab initio (Car–Parrinello) molecular dynamics. J Computer-Aided Mol Des 19: 1-15 (2005).

Xiao YD, Clauset A, Harris R, Bayram E, Santago II P, Schmitt JD. Supervised Self-Organizing Maps in Drug Discovery. 1. Robust Behavior with Overdetermined Data Sets. J Chem Inf Model 45: 1749-58 (2005).

Breining SR, Mazurov AA, Miller CH. Neuronal Nicotinic Receptor Modulators:  Recent Advances and Therapeutic Potential. Ann Reports Med Chem 40: 3-16 (2005).

Buccafusco JJ, Bencherif M, Lippiello PM, Letchworth SR. Long-lasting Cognitive Improvement with Nicotinic Agonists: Mechanisms of Pharmakokinetic - Pharmacodynamic Discordance. Trends Pharmacol Sci 26: 352-60 (2005).

Mazurov A, Klucik J, Miao L, Phillips TY, Seamans A, Schmitt JD, Hauser TA, Johnson RT Jr, Miller C.  2-(Arylmethyl)-3-substituted quinuclidines as selective alpha7 nicotinic receptor ligands. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 15: 2073-77 (2005).

Grinevich VP, Letchworth SR, Lindenberger KA, Menager J, Mary V, Sadieva KA, Buhlman L, Bohme GA, Pradier L, Benavides J, Lukas RJ, Bencherif M. Heterologous Expression of Human {alpha}6{beta}4{beta}3{alpha}5 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors: Binding Properties Consistent with Their Natural Expression Require Quaternary Subunit Assembly Including the {alpha}5 Subunit. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 312: 619-626 (2005).

Klucik J, Xiao YD, Hammond PS, Harris R, Schmitt JD. Targacept Active Conformation Search: A New Method for Predicting the Conformation of a Ligand Bound to its Protein Target. J Med Chem 47: 6831-39 (2004).

Bohme GA, Letchworth SR, Piot-Grosjean O, Gatto GJ, Obinu MC, Caldwell WS, Laville M, Brunel P, Leconte JP, Genevois-Borella A, Dubedat P, Mazadier M, Pradier L, Bencherif M, Benavides J. In vitro and in vivo Characterization of TC-1827, a Novel Brain Selective α4β2 Nicotinic Agonist with Pro-cognitive Activity. Drug Dev Res 51: 1-15 (2004).

Miller DK, Crooks PA, Zheng G, Grinevich VP, Norrholm S and Dwoskin LP.  Lobeline analogs with enhanced affinity and selectivity for plasmalemma and vesicular monoamine transporters. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 310: 1035-45 (2004).

Wu Y, Schmitt JD, Car R. Mapping potential energy surfaces. J Chem Phys 121: 1193-2000 (2004).

Breining SR. Recent developments in the synthesis of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ligands. Curr Top Med Chem 4: 609-29 (2004).

Gatto GJ, Bohme GA, Caldwell WS, Letchworth SR, Traina VM, Obinu MC, Laville M, Reibaud M, Pradier L, Dunbar G, Bencherif M. TC-1734: an orally active neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulator with antidepressant, neuroprotective and long-lasting cognitive effects. CNS Drug Rev 10:147-66 (2004).

Marrero MB, Papke RL, Bhatti BS, Shaw S, Bencherif M. The neuroprotective effect of 2-(3-pyridyl)-1-azabicyclo[3.2.2]nonane (TC-1698), a novel alpha7 ligand, is prevented through angiotensin II activation of a tyrosine phosphatase. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 309:16-27 (2003).

Roger G, Lagnel B, Rouden J, Besret L, Valette H, Demphel S, Gopisetti J, Coulon C, Ottaviani M, Wrenn LA, Letchworth SR, Bohme GA, Benavides J, Lasne MC, Bottlaender M et al. Synthesis of a [2-pyridinyl-18F]-labelled fluoro derivative of (-)-cytisine as a candidate radioligand for brain nicotinic alpha4beta2 receptor imaging with PET. Bioorg Med Chem 11: 5333-43 (2003).

Shaw S, Bencherif M, Marrero MB. Angiotensin II blocks nicotine-mediated neuroprotection against beta-amyloid (1-42) via activation of the tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1. J Neurosci 23: 11224-8 (2003).

Grinevich VP, Crooks PA, Sumithran SP, Haubner AJ, Ayers JT, Dwoskin LP. N-n-alkylpyridinium analogs, a novel class of nicotinic receptor antagonists: selective inhibition of nicotine-evoked [3H] dopamine overflow from superfused rat striatal slices. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 306: 1011-20 (2003).

Wilkins LH, Jr., Grinevich VP, Ayers JT, Crooks PA, Dwoskin LP. N-n-alkylnicotinium analogs, a novel class of nicotinic receptor antagonists: interaction with alpha4beta2* and alpha7* neuronal nicotinic receptors. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 304: 400-10 (2003).

Shaw S, Bencherif M, Marrero MB. Janus kinase 2, an early target of alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-mediated neuroprotection against Abeta-(1-42) amyloid. J Biol Chem 277: 44920-24 (2002).

Bencherif M, Schmitt JD. Targeting neuronal nicotinic receptors: a path to new therapies. Curr Drug Targets CNS Neurol Disord 1: 349-57 (2002).

Bencherif M, Bane AJ, Miller CH, Dull GM, Gatto GJ. TC-2559: a novel orally active ligand selective at neuronal acetylcholine receptors. Eur J Pharmacol 409: 45-55 (2000).

Papke RL, Webster JC, Lippiello PM, Bencherif M, Francis MM. The activation and inhibition of human nicotinic acetylcholine receptor by RJR-2403 indicate a selectivity for the alpha4beta2 receptor subtype. J Neurochem 75: 204-16 (2000).

Schmitt JD, Bencherif M. Targeting nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: Advances in molecular design and therapies. Ann Reports Med Chem 35: 41-51 (2000).

Schmitt JD, Sharples CG, Caldwell WS. Molecular recognition in nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: the importance of pi-cation interactions. J Med Chem 1999 August 12;42(16):3066-74.

Levin ED, Lippiello P. Mutually potentiating effects of mecamylamine and haloperidol in producing catalepsy in rats. Drug Development Research 1999;47(2):90-6.

Byrd GD, Davis RA, Caldwell WS, Robinson JH, deBethizy JD. A further study of FTC yield and nicotine absorption in smokers. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1998 October;139(4):291-9.

Ke L, Eisenhour CM, Bencherif M, Lukas RJ. Effects of chronic nicotine treatment on expression of diverse nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes. I. Dose- and time-dependent effects of nicotine treatment. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1998 August;286(2):825-40.

Bencherif M, Schmitt JD, Bhatti BS, Crooks P, Caldwell WS, Lovette ME, Fowler K, Reeves L, Lippiello PM. The heterocyclic substituted pyridine derivative (+/-)-2-(-3-pyridinyl)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (RJR-2429): a selective ligand at nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1998 March;284(3):886-94.

Bencherif M, Byrd G, Caldwell WS, Hayes J, Lippiello PM. Pharmacological characterization of RJR-2403: a nicotinic agonist with potential therapeutic benefit in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. CNS Drug Rev 1997;3:325-45.

Bencherif M, Lovette ME, Fowler KW, Arrington S, Reeves L, Caldwell WS, Lippiello PM. RJR-2403: a nicotinic agonist with CNS selectivity I. In vitro characterization. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1996 December;279(3):1413-21.

Lippiello PM, Bencherif M, Gray JA, Peters S, Grigoryan G, Hodges H, Collins AC. RJR-2403: a nicotinic agonist with CNS selectivity II. In vivo characterization. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1996 December;279(3):1422-9.

Summers KL, Lippiello P, Giacobini E. A microdialysis study of the effects of the nicotinic agonist RJR-2403 on cortical release of acetylcholine and biogenic amines. Neurochem Res 1996 October;21(10):1181-6.

Papke RL, Bencherif M, Lippiello P. An evaluation of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activation by quaternary nitrogen compounds indicates that choline is selective for the alpha 7 subtype. Neurosci Lett 1996 August 9;213(3):201-4.

Prince RJ, Fernandes KG, Gregory JC, Martyn ID, Lippiello PM. Modulation of nicotine-evoked [3H]dopamine release from rat striatal synaptosomes by voltage-sensitive calcium channel ligands. Biochem Pharmacol 1996 August 23;52(4):613-8.

Lippiello PM, Bencherif M, Caldwell WS, Arrington SR, Fowler KW, Lovette ME, Reeves LK. Metanicotine: A nicotinic agonist with central nervous system selectivity - In vitro and in vivo characterization.   Drug Development Research 1996;38(3-4):169-76.

Lukas RJ, Ke L, Bencherif M, Eisenhour CM. Regulation by nicotine of its own receptors. Drug Development Research 1996;38(3-4):136-48.

Walker JC, KendalReed M, Keiger CJ, Bencherif M, Silver WL. Olfactory and trigeminal responses to nicotine. Drug Development Research 1996;38(3-4):160-8.

Abdulla FA, Bradbury E, Calaminici MR, Lippiello PM, Wonnacott S, Gray JA, Sinden JD. Relationship between up-regulation of nicotine binding sites in rat brain and delayed cognitive enhancement observed after chronic or acute nicotinic receptor stimulation. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1996 April;124(4):323-31.

Bencherif M, Eisenhour CM, Prince RJ, Lippiello PM, Lukas RJ. The "calcium antagonist" TMB-8 [3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic acid 8-(diethylamino)octyl ester] is a potent, non-competitive, functional antagonist at diverse nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1995 December;275(3):1418-26.

Yates SL, Bencherif M, Fluhler EN, Lippiello PM. Up-regulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors following chronic exposure of rats to mainstream cigarette smoke or alpha 4 beta 2 receptors to nicotine. Biochem Pharmacol 1995 December 22;50(12):2001-8.

Bencherif M, Fowler K, Lukas RJ, Lippiello PM. Mechanisms of up-regulation of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in clonal cell lines and primary cultures of fetal rat brain. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1995 November;275(2):987-94.

Byrd GD, Robinson JH, Caldwell WS, deBethizy JD. Comparison of measured and FTC-predicted nicotine uptake in smokers. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1995 November;122(2):95-103.

Doolittle DJ, Winegar R, Lee CK, Caldwell WS, Hayes AW, de Bethizy JD. The genotoxic potential of nicotine and its major metabolites. Mutat Res 1995 October;344(3-4):95-102.

Summers KL, Lippiello P, Verhulst S, Giacobini E. 5-fluoronicotine, noranhydroecgonine, and pyridyl-methylpyrrolidine release acetylcholine and biogenic amines in rat cortex in vivo. Neurochem Res 1995 September;20(9):1089-94.

Smith CJ, Lippiello PM, Ashford JW. Smoking, Alzheimer's disease, and confounding with genes. Lancet 1995 April 22;345(8956):1054.

Pritchard WS, Robinson JH, deBethizy JD, Davis RA, Stiles MF. Caffeine and smoking: subjective, performance, and psychophysiological effects. Psychophysiology 1995 January;32(1):19-27.

Lippiello PM, Bencherif M, Prince RJ. The role of desensitization in CNS nicotinic receptor function. In: Clarke P, Quik M, Thurau K, Adlkofer F, editors. The Effects of Nicotine on Biological Systems II.Boston: Birkhauser Verlag; 1995. p. 79-85.

Schmitt JD, Lippiello PM, Caldwell WS. R J Reynolds develops predictive models for nAchR activity. MC2 Quarterly 1995;2:12.

Marks MJ, Grady SR, Yang JM, Lippiello PM, Collins AC. Desensitization of nicotine-stimulated 86Rb+ efflux from mouse brain synaptosomes. J Neurochem 1994 December;63(6):2125-35.

Byrd GD, Uhrig MS, deBethizy JD, Caldwell WS, Crooks PA, Ravard A, Riggs R. Direct determination of cotinine-N-glucuronide in urine using thermospray liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Biol Mass Spectrom 1994 February;23(2):103-7.

Prince RJ, Lineberry JW, Lippiello PM. Actions of the General Anesthetic Propofol (2,6-Diisopropylphenol) on the Binding of [H-3] Nicotine to Rat Cortical Membranes. Drug Development Research 1994;31(2):102-7.

Kyerematen GA, Morgan ML, Chattopadhyay B, deBethizy JD, Vesell ES. Nicotine metabolism in cigarette smokers and nonsmokers. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1994 January;55(1):84-7.

Lippiello PM, Bencherif M, Lovette E, Fowler K. Characterization of nicotinic cholinergic receptors in the central nervous system. In: Robinson JH, Ogden MW, Burton HR, Renfro LW, editors. Positive Aspects of Smoking.Greensboro, NC: Tobacco Chemists Research Conference; 1994. p. 33-47.

Bencherif M, Lukas RJ. Cytochalasin modulation of nicotinic cholinergic receptor expression and muscarinic receptor function in human TE671/RD cells: a possible functional role of the cytoskeleton. J Neurochem 1993 September;61(3):852-64.

Caldwell WS, Greene JM, Dobson GP, deBethizy JD. Intragastric nitrosation of nicotine is not a significant contributor to nitrosamine exposure. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1993 May 28;686:213-27.

Plowchalk DR, Andersen ME, deBethizy JD. A physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for nicotine disposition in the Sprague-Dawley rat. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1992 October;116(2):177-88.

Yates SL, Fluhler EN, Lippiello PM. Advances in the use of the fluorescent probe fura-2 for the estimation of intrasynaptosomal calcium. J Neurosci Res 1992 June;32(2):255-60.

Byrd GD, Chang KM, Greene JM, deBethizy JD. Evidence for urinary excretion of glucuronide conjugates of nicotine, cotinine, and trans-3'-hydroxycotinine in smokers. Drug Metab Dispos 1992 March;20(2):192-7.

Caldwell WS, Greene JM, Byrd GD, Chang KM, Uhrig MS, deBethizy JD, Crooks PA, Bhatti BS, Riggs RM. Characterization of the glucuronide conjugate of cotinine: a previously unidentified major metabolite of nicotine in smokers' urine. Chem Res Toxicol 1992 March;5(2):280-5.

Bencherif M, Lukas RJ. Vanadate amplifies receptor-mediated accumulation of inositol trisphosphates and inhibits inositol tris- and tetrakis-phosphatase activities. Neurosci Lett 1992 January 6;134(2):157-60.

Lukas RJ, Bencherif M. Heterogeneity and regulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Int Rev Neurobiol 1992;34:25-131.

Davis RA, Stiles MF, deBethizy JD, Reynolds JH. Dietary nicotine: a source of urinary cotinine. Food Chem Toxicol 1991 December;29(12):821-7.

Caldwell WS, Greene JM, Plowchalk DR, deBethizy JD. The nitrosation of nicotine: a kinetic study. Chem Res Toxicol 1991 September;4(5):513-6.

Bencherif M, Lukas RJ. Ligand binding and functional characterization of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors on the TE671/RD human cell line. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1991 June;257(3):946-53.

Lippiello PM, Fernandes KG, Langone JJ, Bjercke RJ. Characterization of nicotinic receptors on cultured cortical neurons using anti-idiotypic antibodies and ligand binding. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1991 June;257(3):1216-24.

Bencherif M, Lukas RJ. Differential regulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor expression by human TE671/RD cells following second messenger modulation and sodium butyrate treatments. Mol Cell Neurosci 1991;2:52-65.

Bencherif M, Lukas RJ. Differential sensitivity of phosphoinositide metabolism to sodium fluoride and carbachol treatments in PC12 cells. Mol Cell Neurosci 1991;2:377-83.

Kyerematen GA, Morgan ML, Chattopadhyay B, deBethizy JD, Vesell ES. Disposition of nicotine and eight metabolites in smokers and nonsmokers: identification in smokers of two metabolites that are longer lived than cotinine. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1990 December;48(6):641-51.

McManus KT, deBethizy JD, Garteiz DA, Kyerematen GA, Vesell ES. A new quantitative thermospray LC-MS method for nicotine and its metabolites in biological fluids. J Chromatogr Sci 1990 October;28(10):510-6.

deBethizy JD, Borgerding MF, Doolittle DJ, Robinson JH, McManus KT, Rahn CA, Davis RA, Burger GT, Hayes JR, Reynolds JH. Chemical and biological studies of a cigarette that heats rather than burns tobacco. J Clin Pharmacol 1990 August;30(8):755-63.

Romm E, Lippiello PM, Marks MJ, Collins AC. Purification of L-[3H]nicotine eliminates low affinity binding. Life Sci 1990;46(13):935-43.

Doolittle DJ, Rahn CA, Burger GT, Davis R, deBethizy JD, Howard G, Lee CK, McKarns SC, Riccio E, Robinson J. Human urine mutagenicity study comparing cigarettes which burn or only heat tobacco. Mutat Res 1989 June;223(2):221-32.

Lippiello PM. Properties of putative nicotine receptors identified on cultured cortical neurons. Prog Brain Res 1989;79:129-35.

Kyerematen GA, Owens GF, Chattopadhyay B, deBethizy JD, Vesell ES. Sexual dimorphism of nicotine metabolism and distribution in the rat. Studies in vivo and in vitro. Drug Metab Dispos 1988 November;16(6):823-8.

Lippiello PM, Fernandes KG. Identification of putative high affinity nicotinic receptors on cultured cortical neurons. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1988 July;246(1):409-16.

Kyerematen GA, Taylor LH, deBethizy JD, Vesell ES. Pharmacokinetics of nicotine and 12 metabolites in the rat. Application of a new radiometric high performance liquid chromatography assay. Drug Metab Dispos 1988 January;16(1):125-9.

deBethizy JD, Robinson JH, Davis RA, Doolittle DJ, Burger GT, Reynolds JH, Fletcher RG, Hayes AW. Absorption of nicotine from a cigarette that does not burn tobacco. Pharmacology 1988;37(5):328-32.

Kyerematen GA, Taylor LH, deBethizy JD, Vesell ES. Radiometric-high-performance liquid chromatographic assay for nicotine and twelve of its metabolites. J Chromatogr 1987 August 7;419:191-203.

Lippiello PM, Sears SB, Fernandes KG. Kinetics and mechanism of L-[3H]nicotine binding to putative high affinity receptor sites in rat brain. Mol Pharmacol 1987 April;31(4):392-400.

Lippiello PM, Fernandes KG. The binding of L-[3H]nicotine to a single class of high affinity sites in rat brain membranes.   Mol Pharmacol 1986 May;29(5):448-54.

Bencherif M, Berne RM, Rubio R. The Release of Purines by the Frog Sympathetic-Ganglion Is the Result of Activation of Postsynaptic Elements. Journal of Physiology-London 1986;371:274.